Applying Deck Stain With a Roller, Brush, or Pad

On an existing wood deck, the most practical way to apply stain is typically with a roller, brush, or lambswool pad. The process will take longer than spraying would, but offers some important advantages. For one thing, there is no over-spray to control; especially convenient in windy climates or when freshly painted siding, multiple planters, or other features would have to be masked. For another, applying finishes by hand usually allows better penetration, especially when properly back-brushed. This creates a more protective and evenly colored finish.

Brushing Wood Deck Stain

The most common method of applying deck stain is, by far, brushing. There are a couple of important rules to keep in mind.

Use an appropriate brush. Oil based products require natural bristles; water-based stains call for high quality nylon brushes. For most areas, a 4" brush will provide the perfect combination of control and quick application. Use a smaller brush for more detailed areas.

Always maintain a wet edge. If the stain dries between strokes, you'll end up with unsightly brush strokes or "lap marks." For the same reason, never stop staining in the middle of a board; wait till it's completely covered before taking a break.

Apply the stain to 2-4 boards at a time. Limiting application to a single board at a time is too time consuming; covering more than four boards at a time can make reaching awkward and also makes it more difficult to maintain a wet edge.

Work backwards. Apply deck stain approximately six inches in front of the previously finished area, brushing back towards the stained section, blending the two sections together. Apply the stain very generously, and work as quickly as possible.

Using a Roller or Lamb's Wool Pad

Rollers and lambswool pads distribute color much more quickly than a brush can, so you'll finish faster. Use a napped paint roller or a lambswool pad; these are available in several widths from 6-18". An extension pole will save your back. Pour the stain into a paint tray; this will make it easy to evenly load the roller or pad. You'll also need a brush for cutting in and staining handrails and accessories like planters and benches.

Cutting In

You'll still need to use a brush to "cut in" along the house wall, the last board of the deck, and anywhere else a roller or pad can't easily reach. Use the brush to lay down a line of stain 3-4" wide; you'll overlap the wet edge with the roller or pad.

Apply the stain to an area two or three boards wide, making sure to maintain a wet edge at all times. Don't move the roller too fast; this can cause the stain to spatter. Lambswool pads are pulled or pushed along the surface of the wood. Always work with the grain for the most even distribution of color.

Wipe up drips, runs, and splatters as you notice them. If allowed to dry in place, they'll create visibly dark marks that can only be removed by sanding.

Back Brushing

High quality pads distribute color evenly, but rollers leave small areas of concentrated stain, and lesser-quality pads can leave thick bands of dark color. These areas must be smoothed by back-brushing. As soon as you lay down a two or three board wide swath of stain, immediately go over the area with a brush to even out the color and blend in smears and puddles. Speed is very important here, so it's wise to work with a helper. One person can apply color with a roller, and the second can follow behind to back-brush.

Click here to read more about the best techniques for staining your wood deck.